Introduction to the Teachings to Be Transmitted During H.H. Lhoga Rinpoche’s 2024 Dharma Tour

We are honored to invite H.H. Lhoga Rinpoche, the throne holder of Kathog, to visit the Kathog Ati Buddhist Center in Canada. This once-in-a-millennium opportunity coincides with the establishment of our new center, so we have specially requested H.H. Rinpoche to consecrate and bless the new center and transmit a series of extraordinary terma treasures. Through these auspicious conditions, we pray for the eternal stability of the Buddha’s teachings, for all beings to be free from suffering and attain happiness, and for world peace. 

All the teachings transmitted this time belong to the supreme lineage of the Kathog Vajra Throne, the source of the Nyingma school. Since its founding by Kathog Dampa Deshek, the Kathog teachings have left an unprecedented record of one hundred thousand rainbow body attainments in the history of Tibetan Buddhism. The lineage has endured without decline, benefiting countless beings. We again pray for the blessings of all the Kathog lineage masters, and for the auspicious success of H.H. Lhoga Rinpoche’s Dharma tour.

To help those with karmic connections understand the content of these transmissions and develop sincere devotion, we provide the following explanation of the teachings.

Planned Teachings:

November 22, 2024, at the Kathog Monastery Ati Dharma Center in Canada:

Group practice of the Vajrakilaya Puja from the terma of Kathog Great Tertön Terdün Dorje, to consecrate and bless the center’s supports and representations of the Three Jewels.

In the evening, transmission of the Yellow Jambhala empowerment from the terma of Kathog Great Tertön Rigdzin Longsal Nyingpo.

November 23, 2024, at the Kathog Monastery Ati Dharma Center in Canada:

Transmission of the Uncommon Three Roots empowerment of the Luminous Vajra Treasury of Dharmadhatu from the terma of Kathog Great Tertön Rigdzin Longsal Nyingpo:

Lama: Guru Padma Jvala (Blaze)

Yidam: Wrathful Guru Rinpoche

Dakini: Red Lion-Faced Dakini

November 24, 2024, at the Kathog Monastery Ati Dharma Center in Canada:

Transmission of the Uncommon Great Illusory Net empowerment from the terma of Kathog Great Tertön Rigdzin Longsal Nyingpo.

November 29, 2024, at Riwoche Temple in Canada:

Transmission of the non-dual lineage empowerment of the Amitabha practice from the pure vision of Kathog founder Kathog Dampa Deshek and the Amitabha practice from the terma of Kathog Great Tertön Rigdzin Longsal Nyingpo, as well as the transmission and group practice of Phowa.

November 30, 2024, at Riwoche Temple in Canada:

H.H. Rinpoche will lead the group practice of Phowa.

December 1, 2024, at Riwoche Temple in Canada:

H.H. Rinpoche will lead the group practice of Phowa.


Lineage Origins

Kathog Dorje Den, meaning “Kathog Vajra Throne”, is the source of the Nyingma tradition within Tibetan Buddhism. It was established in 1159 CE by Kathog Dampa Deshek, an emanation of Amitabha Buddha. With a history spanning 865 years, its monastic branches and lineage have spread across the globe. It is the practice site of dakini Yeshe Tsogyal, the foremost among the five sacred sites. Moreover, it is hallowed as the place where Guru Padmasambhava and his disciples stayed for twenty-five days, personally descending to consecrate and bless it thirteen times.

Due to the auspicious circumstances of Guru Rinpoche’s thirteen consecrations, over Kathog Vajra Throne’s nearly 900-year history, many high monks and great masters have emerged to safeguard and transmit the Kathog lineage, including the Thirteen Lamas Family Lineage, the Thirteen Trungpa Family Lineage, and the Thirteen Moktsa Family Lineage. Throughout generations, these eminent masters have dedicated themselves to propagating the Nyingma teachings and preserving the Kathog lineage, profoundly influencing Tibetan Buddhist practitioners worldwide in recent times.

Notably, Kathog Khenchen Gyaltsen Ozer, H.H. Mahasattva Kathog Thrimed Zhingkyong, H.H. Moktsa Rinpoche, H.H. Lhoga Rinpoche, H.H. Jamyang Rinpoche, Khenpo Jangyahng Gyaltsen, Khenpo Asong Dampa, and numerous other Kathog Rinpoches have made substantial contributions to Kathog Vajra Throne’s revitalization in modern times. Throughout its nearly thousand-year history, Kathog Vajra Throne has experienced many ups and downs, but thanks to the steadfast perseverance and protection of its lineage masters, it still shines atop the snowy peaks to this day.

Biography of the Lineage Holders

A Brief Introduction of Kathog Dampa Deshek, Founder of Kathog Monastery

Kathog Dampa Deshek was an authentic manifestation of Amitabha Buddha and Manjushri Bodhisattva. His appearance marked the beginning of rainbow body attainments at the Kathog Vajra Throne in the Tibetan plateau. 

At the age of twenty-nine, his guru Tsangtonpa prophesied: “You will attain the rainbow body practicing in Kongpo. Go to Kathog in Kham, where Guru Padmasambhava stayed for twenty-five days, consecrated thirteen times, and where the translator Vairotsana practiced. The Buddha’s teachings will endure there for a thousand years.” 

When conditions matured, Kathog Dampa Deshek led two disciples to Kham in search of Kathog. In the Earth Rabbit year of the third Rabjung cycle (1159 CE), all auspicious conditions were fulfilled for Kathog Dampa Deshek to establish Kathog Monastery. During the construction period, over a thousand Dharma seekers worked on building the monastery during the day and studied the teachings at night, sometimes combining study with practices to purify obscurations.

After two years, by the Female Metal Dragon year (1160 CE), the monastery’s construction was completed. During the auspicious consecration ceremony, rainbows like jeweled canopies appeared in the clear sky, flower rains descended, wondrous sounds spontaneously arose, manifesting auspicious signs of the wisdom deities’ presence, moving the hearts of all sentient beings.

Subsequently, the venerable master extensively turned the wheel of Dharma, established a monastic college for study and practice, nurturing countless monks over the years. From this time onward, Kathog embarked on a glorious history of flourishing in both doctrinal teachings and experiential realizations.

On the fifteenth day of the month of Uttaraphalguni (the fourth month) in the Water Rat year of the third Rabjung cycle (1192 CE), at Drala Gongkha Rewa, the venerable master entered parinirvana facing west, with his hands forming the meditation mudra of resting in the nature of mind. At that moment, the earth suddenly trembled, nine great sounds occurred, a rainbow bridge appeared in the western sky, with one end connecting to his dharma body. Flower rains descended from the clear cloudless sky, manifesting many such miraculous signs. All who saw, heard, contemplated, or perceived these events planted seeds of liberation, and all sentient beings became devout believers.

Tsangtonpa Dorje Gyaltsen and three hundred bhikshus presided over the cremation rituals of his dharma body. On the left side of the cremation platform, a yellow flower suddenly grew, perfectly matching all the signs of the completion of the path’s warmth stage as described in the tantras.

Notably, the skull remained unburned, displaying images of the Eleven-Faced Avalokiteshvara and the Five Deities of Amoghapasha on the front; the Five Dhyani Buddhas and Four Heavenly Kings on the right; the Ten Wrathful Vajras and Samantabhadra on top; Guhyasamaja on the left; Manjushri inside; Vajrakilaya on the back; as well as miraculously raised, exquisite, and majestic images of the Three Principal Ones—Shakyamuni, Avalokiteshvara, and Vajrapani—that can still be venerated today; and over a thousand relics and other auspicious signs.

At Dhari Chokyi Gongkha Rewa (present-day Genbeng), they built the founder’s stupa and the Tsangkhang Gongkha Rewa (Dharma Institute) with bricks and stones, successfully completing the posthumous affairs.

Throughout his life, the venerable master’s activities to benefit sentient beings never ceased. Not only did he nurture countless monastic talents, but he also left behind a rich collection of writings, truly manifesting the source of the lineage.

From the venerable master until now, Kathog Monastery has had Dharma heirs and masters’ lineages, with disciples propagating the teachings throughout India, China, Mongolia, Dali, Ü-Tsang, Kham, and other regions. However, as many of these Dharma heirs were wise and virtuous practitioners who avoided fame during their lifetimes, their historical records and biographies are largely undocumented. Moreover, due to the passage of time, it is no longer possible to discuss them in detail.

Nevertheless, we practitioners, especially those of the Nyingma school and Kathog lineage, should always remember in our minds the kindness of these lineage masters, not only because of their immense merits of genuine practice and realization but also because they are the very foundation of our attainment of enlightenment!

A Brief Introduction of the Great Terton Rigdzin Longsal Nyingpo of Kathog

Rigdzin Longsal Nyingpo was born in the Wood Ox year (1625 CE). At birth, he was embraced by the Kathog lineage master and great accomplished one Dampa Gyatso, who bestowed empowerment upon him in the mandala of Wrathful Guru Padmasambhava, giving him the secret name Wangdrak Gyatso.

At the age of 22, on his way to Kathog, he encountered the great yogi Ga Chokyong Gyatso and received the Mahamudra teachings of the Kathog lineage. He obtained many teachings, including the uninterrupted transmission of the profound meaning, from the great accomplished one Ado Gonchok Gyatsen. During his three years at Kathog, he studied scriptures and treatises under 13 great masters.

At the age of 29, he went to Bupo to stay with the great tertön Rigdzin Tendün Dorje for three years, receiving the uncommon blessings of the four empowerments in their entirety. He was entrusted as the lineage holder of Tendün Dorje’s profound terma teachings. Based on numerous terma objects of body, speech, and mind activities—dharma hats, robes, and prophecies—he was officially recognized as the combined incarnation of two of Guru Rinpoche’s twenty-five great disciples: Longdrol Genchok Chönyi, and Ma Rinchen Chok. He was also prophesied by Guru Padmasambhava in terma teachings as a great tertön.

At the age of 32, he received the terma catalog and from then on continuously opened the door to revealing extraordinary terma teachings. When the doctrinal and realization teachings at Kathog were declining due to various circumstances, he was invited by the Chieftain of Dege and entrusted with revitalizing Kathog. Thereafter, he resided at Kathog, propagating the teachings, nurturing monastic talents, and restoring and constructing temples and supports of the Three Jewels.

Throughout his life, he revealed terma teachings on sixteen occasions. These terma teachings encompassed a wide range of profound and extraordinary instructions, from preliminary practices to main practices, including the generation and completion stages of the Three Roots (guru, yidam, and dakini), as well as the practices of channels, winds, and bindus, and Dzogchen practices of Trekchö and Tögal. The quantity is vast, the meaning profound, and the blessing power immense. These teachings are still preserved in their entirety, and due to the purity of their uninterrupted lineage and empowerments, practitioners continue to show signs of realization, benefiting countless beings.

In 1680, at the invitation of the Chieftain of Dege, the master was returning to Kathog Monastery from the sacred place Tsopu when he passed through a place called Ari (east of Kathog). In his all-knowing wisdom mirror, he recognized an eight-year-old boy, a descendant of the Trungpa lineage, as the lineage holder of the Longsal Vajra Essence. He transmitted to him all the empowerments and pith instructions of the terma teachings, making him the dharma heir of the terma lineage. This boy later grew up to become the renowned great self-liberated accomplished yogi among the lineage masters of Kathog Vajra Throne, Trungpa Namkha Gyatso. The great tertön Taksham Dorje had prophesied in his terma: “When the mind emanation of Dampa Deshek appears in the east of Kathog with the name Namkha.” This also confirms that Trungpa Rinpoche was the mind emanation and reincarnation of Kathog Dampa Deshek.

It is prophesied in the terma teachings: “In the degenerate age, especially in secluded regions where the Buddha’s teachings have not yet flourished, there will be even more special circumstances and blessings.” The great tertön Rigdzin Longsal Nyingpo, the true refuge for beings in this degenerate age, spent his life propagating the termas of Buddha’s teachings, benefiting countless beings to this day. His kindness is as vast as the sun illuminating all beings. Many contemporary great masters of the Nyingma school have attained realization by practicing the terma teachings revealed by the great tertön Rigdzin Longsal Nyingpo—”The Supreme Guide to the Heart Essence of the Great Perfection”—and have used it to widely guide fortunate disciples, with the lineage spreading globally.

The venerable master entered parinirvana on the 23rd day of the Monkey month in the Water Monkey year of the 12th Rabjung cycle (June 23, 1692, in the Tibetan calendar). During the cremation of his body, numerous extraordinary relics and all the auspicious signs described in the Dzchogchen tantras appeared. His direct disciples built an extraordinary reliquary stupa for him and enshrined it in Longsal Nyingpo’s retreat room, along with a life-size statue that the master himself had constructed and consecrated, near the limb-preserving stupa built by the great translator Vairotsana at the “Gebum” (hundred thousand bodies) sacred site of Kathog.

(The above content is excerpted from “The Lamp of the Path to Liberation: A Commentary on the Preliminary Practices of the Longsal Vajra Treasury by the Great Tertön of Kathog” authored by Trungpa Rinpoche)

An Introduction to Kathog Great Tertön Rigdzin Longsal Nyingpo’s Terma Teachings

The “Oral Recitation Ritual for Guiding the Preliminary Practices of the Luminous Vajra Treasury of Dharmadhatu” is one of the terma teachings of the great tertön Rigdzin Longsal Nyingpo. It serves as the preliminary practice for the essence of Longsal’s Dzogchen terma teachings and belongs to the Vajra Treasury terma cycle along with Longsal’s “Three Roots Vajra Treasury” and “Three Kayas Vajra Treasury” series. This terma cycle was directly transmitted to Rigdzin Longsal Nyingpo by Guru Padmasambhava and the wisdom dakini Yeshe Tsogyal, which is a special method of transmission.

Although centuries separate Guru Rinpoche, Dakini Yeshe Tsogyal, and Longsal Nyingpo, this does not affect the transmission of the teachings—this is the unique aspect of the uncommon terma transmission. These Longsal Nyingpo terma teachings have been passed down through generations of lineage masters without interruption, and the lineage remains very pure. More importantly, now is precisely the time when the aspirations and activities of the great tertön Rigdzin Longsal Nyingpo are flourishing.

(The above content is excerpted from “The Lamp of the Path to Liberation: Commentary on the Preliminary Practices of the Longsal Vajra Treasury by the Great Tertön of Kathog” authored by Trungpa Rinpoche)

Due to the ripening of bodhicitta and aspirations made in previous lives, the activities of Longsal’s terma teachings to benefit beings are spontaneously accomplished and widely flourishing. For us fortunate disciples to encounter these teachings is truly the result of accumulating merit over many lifetimes. If we can practice diligently to attain enlightenment, it will be a great virtue of repaying the kindness of the guru and Three Jewels above, and of resolving long-standing karmic debts with enemies and creditors below.

Merits of the Practices

Empowerment of the Non-Dual Lineage of the Pure Vision Amitabha Practice of Kathog Founder Kathog Dampa Deshek and the Amitabha Practice of Kathog Great Tertön Rigdzin Longsal Nyingpo

The lineage of this Amitabha practice empowerment is the pure vision teaching of Kathog Dampa Deshek Sherab Senge, an emanation of Amitabha Buddha as prophesied by buddhas and bodhisattvas. Prophecies regarding Kathog Dampa Deshek’s accomplishments are documented in tantras such as “The Collection of the Profound Meaning of the Supreme Dharma” and “The Wish-Fulfilling Casket,” which contain prophecies for individual saints.

Kathog Dampa Deshek is recognized as the genuine Dharma King among lineage masters in the Nyingma lineage of Tibet, an emanation of many accomplished sages such as Shantideva. In a state of great pure samadhi, the venerable one directly saw Tathagata Amitabha Buddha and received the uninterrupted blessing of his wisdom intent. Amitabha Buddha personally bestowed upon him the empowerment and lineage of the supreme inner secret Mahayoga-style Amitabha practice.

This lineage was transmitted from Kathog Dampa Deshek to Tsangton Dorje Gyaltsen, and subsequent lineage masters include Jampa Beng, Chen Nga Wa Rinpoche, and Supreme Mutön Sonam Bengpa. In the pure vision of all these venerable masters practicing this Amitabha sadhana, the pure mandala of Amitabha’s Sukhavati always manifests—this is the power of the sublime Dharma and pure lineage. Therefore, this Amitabha practice has guided countless beings to rebirth in Sukhavati. Many Kathog masters have also been reborn in the Western Pure Land, known by names such as Wisdom Treasury Bodhisattva, Wish-Fulfilling Treasury Bodhisattva, Moon Treasury Bodhisattva, Great Bliss Sprout Bodhisattva, and so on.

This uninterrupted, pure, and sublime teaching—the ritual of Kathog Dampa Deshek’s pure vision Amitabha practice—was revealed from terma by Kathog Vidyadhara Great Tertön Rigdzin Longsal Nyingpo, who is the reincarnation of Chiktsa Gönpa Rinpoche, one of the four prophesied ones of Kathog, when conditions ripened. From then on, it became the sublime lineage that unifies the blessings of Longsal’s Vajra Treasury Amitabha practice and Kathog Dampa Deshek’s pure vision lineage, without duality or distinction.

Mipham Rinpoche states in his “Instructions on the Pure Land”: “Whoever hears the name of Tathagata Amitabha Buddha and wishes to be reborn in his pure land can achieve rebirth there. This is due to the aspirations made in the past by the bhikshu named Dharmakara before the Tathagata Lokeshvararaja, to perfectly uphold and accomplish the virtues of countless hundreds of thousands of millions of Buddha-fields, and to create an even more sublime pure land. To fulfill these vast aspirations, he practiced immeasurable bodhisattva deeds. Now he has completely fulfilled all his past aspirations and attained accomplishment. He has attained Buddhahood in the pure land called Sukhavati and constantly teaches the Dharma. Therefore, by the power of the Buddha’s aspirations, one can easily be reborn in the pure land.” The virtues of Amitabha Buddha and his pure land are extensively documented in ancient scriptures and treatises. The methods for accomplishing this have become sublime pith instructions for swift liberation for later practitioners.

Kathog Great Tertön Rigdzin Longsal Nyingpo’s Yellow Jambhala Empowerment

In Tibetan Buddhism, Yellow Jambhala is the foremost among all wealth deities, the collective manifestation of all wealth deities. Yellow Jambhala is a great bodhisattva who has reached the bhumis, manifesting as a worldly wealth protector. In essence, he is an emanation of Buddha Shakyamuni, appearing according to beings’ capacities to liberate them. Yellow Jambhala’s body, speech, mind, activities, and qualities further emanate as the Five-Colored Jambhalas: Yellow Jambhala represents mind, Red Jambhala represents speech, White Jambhala represents body, Blue Jambhala represents activities, and Green Jambhala represents qualities.

The Yellow Jambhala practice possesses sublime virtues and benefits. By practicing it with sincere devotion according to the instructions, one can receive Yellow Jambhala’s blessings and protection. From a worldly perspective, it enables tantric practitioners to have the resources to spread the Dharma and benefit beings, without being constrained by life’s difficulties. It brings benefits in terms of reputation, career, wealth, etc., eliminates illness and suffering, increases lifespan and merit, thus providing the causes and conditions of merits, as well as convenience to pursue the path with peace of mind.

Ultimately, it can perfect a practitioner’s two accumulations of merit and wisdom, leading to rebirth in Sukhavati, the Pure Land of Great Bliss. Therefore, practitioners should also generate the supreme bodhicitta, diligently practice generosity, and be careful in adopting virtues and abandoning non-virtues—this is the approach of a practitioner with correct faith. The path of practice is long, but in essence, it is about accumulating merit and purifying obscurations. The Yellow Jambhala practice is a sublime method for accumulating the resources of merit and wisdom. Those who practice it correctly will surely fulfill their wishes.

Kathog Great Tertön Rigdzin Longsal Nyingpo’s Terma Teaching—The Uncommon Three Roots Empowerment of the Luminous Vajra Treasury of Dharmadhatu

The Luminous Vajra Treasury of Dharmadhatu is a very important part of Kathog Great Tertön Rigdzin Longsal Nyingpo’s terma teachings. It can be said that most practitioners of the Kathog lineage are practicing the Vajra Treasury preliminary practices and Dzogchen.

The Three Roots series of the Longsal Vajra Treasury being transmitted this time is a profound terma revealed by the great tertön Rigdzin Longsal Nyingpo on the 10th day of the first Tibetan month in 1658 CE from the mountain casket at Immovable Vajra Mountain in Lithang.

The Three Roots are the fundamental stages in the tantric practices of the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism. The source of all blessings is the supreme guru, the source of all siddhis is the sublime yidam, and the source of all activities is the wisdom dakini. In the practices of yidams and dakinis, due to one’s own lineage and various circumstances, each tradition has its own main deity practice, which becomes the uncommon and sublime Three Roots practice of yidam and dakini within their respective traditions.

The seven-part series of Longsal terma teachings includes preliminary practices, generation and completion stage practices of the Three Roots, dakini and protector practices, as well as the series of Trekchö and Tögal practices of the supreme Dzogchen, all complete and perfect. Among them, the first series, which is the Three Roots practice being transmitted this time, has Guru Padma Jvala as the lama, Wrathful Padmasambhava as the yidam, and the Red Lion-Faced Dakini as the dakini.

In the Kathog lineage, although there are many Three Roots terma practices from various tertöns, the practices of Terdün Dorje and Longsal Nyingpo have been particularly widely propagated. Both two great tertöns received personal prophecies from Guru Padmasambhava and are among the hundred great tertöns. Their terma teachings have pure lineages and great blessing power; in the process of revealing terma teachings, they have never violated the dependent origination of these termas. Therefore, many practitioners have achieved realization through this lineage’s practices, and there are few obstacles during the practice process. Especially, the practices of Wrathful Guru Rinpoche as the yidam and the Red Lion-Faced Dakini are particularly effective for swiftly removing obstacles and receiving blessings in this degenerate age, eliminating various harms caused by non-human beings, and dispelling the great obstacles arising from the five poisons of ignorance that prevent practitioners from peaceful practice.

Lama: Guru Padma Jvala

The lama for this practice is Guru Padma Jvala (Blaze), belonging to the Three Kayas of peaceful and wrathful practices of the Vajra Treasury. In the mandala of the five wisdom manifestations, the Buddha with perfect marks and signs emanates as the main deity Guru Padma Jvala. The Vajra Treasury states: “In the perfect marks and signs, the Bhagavan, the emanated vidyadhara Guru Padmasambhava, with a white-red body radiating brilliant light, sits in the vajra posture with the appearance of an eight-year-old child,” describing the posture and attire of the deity to be visualized. It further states: “Representing the perfect grounds and paths of enlightenment, all the virtues and activities of body, speech, and mind, the perfect yidam, the vidyadhara buddha body.”

Guru Padma Jvala’s own body and the mandala are complete with the eight manifestations of Padmasambhava, the eight great bodhisattvas, buddha fathers and mothers, and other peaceful and wrathful deities. This belongs to the category of generation and completion stage practices and is also one of the practices for realizing the purity of the two truths and great equality in the view of inner secret unsurpassed Mahayoga.

Yidam: Wrathful Guru Rinpoche

Wrathful Guru Rinpoche is one of the fierce emanations of Guru Padmasambhava. This deity has one face and two arms, with deep red skin color, a wrathful expression, three round eyes, sharp fangs, open mouth with bared teeth and curled tongue, emitting a sound like a thousand thunderclaps. His beard and eyebrows blaze like fire, his yellow hair stands upright, he wears a crown of five dry skulls, a garland of fresh wet human heads around his neck, and is adorned with elephant skin, human skin, tiger skin, and black snake chains and ropes as ornaments. His right hand holds aloft a vajra, his left hand holds an iron scorpion. He tramples on male and female demons, standing majestically amidst blazing wisdom flames, able to subdue evil spirits in all directions.

Cultivating this practice can perfect all kinds of Buddhist activities. It has uncommon sublime virtues for subduing obstacles caused by the harm of human and non-human evil spirits such as nagas, ghosts, and rakshasas. It can eliminate the three poisons of greed, hatred, and ignorance of beings in the six realms with great wrathful power, swiftly attaining Buddhahood and benefiting all sentient beings.

This Wrathful Guru Rinpoche terma practice is particularly timely now, as we are in the degenerate age when wars, famines, diseases, and other calamities caused by the five poisons in beings’ minds are arising in great numbers. Thus, Kathog Great Tertön Rigdzin Longsal Nyingpo manifested to reveal this terma. Just hearing the names of Pema Wangdrak, Longsal Nyingpo, and others can subdue all demons and spirits, including the eight classes of gods and nagas. The power and activities of the great tertön are indistinguishable from those of Wrathful Guru Rinpoche.

This Wrathful Guru Rinpoche practice belongs to the most secret level of outer and inner tantra. Many great masters of the Kathog lineage have taken this practice as their personal uncommon yidam practice and practiced it throughout their lives. This uncommon sublime lineage of Wrathful Guru Rinpoche was directly transmitted by Guru Rinpoche to Kathog Rigdzin Longsal Nyingpo’s previous incarnation—Longdrol Genchok Chönyi, buried as a terma with the aspiration: “In the future, when conditions ripen in the degenerate age, a great tertön will reveal this terma, benefiting countless beings.”

We are now in the degenerate age of the five defilements; beings are filled with intense greed, hatred, and ignorance, and practitioners face the same problems, with minds constantly aflame with afflictions, difficult to pacify. Wrathful Guru Rinpoche is the emanation of Guru Rinpoche that subdues these afflictions. Guru Rinpoche in wrathful form can cut through practitioners’ mental and emotional obstacles. This time, due to auspicious conditions, we have the opportunity to connect with the outer and inner secret practice ritual of Wrathful Guru Rinpoche that flows from the luminous Dharmadhatu of wisdom intent. The profound causes and conditions of this are inconceivable, and we should cherish this Dharma connection.

Dakini: Red Lion-Faced Dakini

The Lion-Faced Dakini is one of the most important wisdom dakini protectors in Tibetan Buddhism. Her primordial dharmakaya is the Buddha of Prajñā (Wisdom), her sambhogakaya is Vajravārāhī, and her nirmanakaya is the Lion-Faced Dakini. She is one of the supreme activity wisdom dakini practices of the Nyingma school and an indispensable dakini protector in Guru Padmasambhava’s activities.

When beings in this degenerate age, due to the manifestation of karma, wander aimlessly in samsara blown by the karmic winds, suffering various pains due to improper mental conduct, practitioners with bodhicitta, by virtue of being able to cultivate this sublime practice of the Lion-Faced Dakini, can instantly eliminate numerous obstacles for sentient beings.

Kathog Great Tertön Rigdzin Longsal Nyingpo’s Terma Teaching—The Uncommon Great Illusory Net Empowerment

The “Great Illusory Net” is one of the important tantric practices in the inner tantra, illusory, and mind sections of the Nyingma school’s secret tantras. Among the many Illusory Net tantras, Longsal’s terma teaching belongs to the “Most Secret Great Illusory Net Tantra,” which is part of the Dzogchen teachings. Within the three great transmissions, the Tathagata’s wisdom intent transmission is further divided into three lineages, and this belongs to the uncommon lineage. The great tertön Longsal Nyingpo perfectly possesses the sublime Buddha speech termas, with unparalleled non-dual distant and close pure lineages, making his transmissions and empowerments supremely excellent.

The “Brief Tantra of Secret Mantra” states: “My nature in the future belongs to the Unsurpassed Yoga class, mainly transmitted from Guru Padmasambhava, emphasizing the goal of attaining Buddhahood in this very body.” Therefore, the merits of practicing the Great Illusory Net are also inconceivable, such as purifying gross and subtle afflictions, attaining ultimate wisdom, eliminating the view of true existence, extinguishing karmic obstacles, receiving the blessings of Dharma protectors, removing obstacles on the path of practice for practitioners, and attaining supreme accomplishment in this very life.

Requirements for Receiving the Teachings

This opportunity to receive the transmission is rare. The Kathog lineage is pure and sublime, and H.H. Lhoga Rinpoche is a fully accomplished and qualified master. Anyone who has taken refuge, has faith in the tantric teachings, has not violated their samaya vows, and has pure vows is welcome to participate in the Dharma assembly, regardless of their school or lineage.

The opportunity to receive empowerment from a qualified master with a pure lineage transmission and fully accomplished qualities is extremely rare. For those seeking liberation, especially those who have developed faith in Guru Padmasambhava’s terma teachings and tantras, such a once-in-a-thousand-years opportunity should not be missed.

Kathog Monastery Ati Dharma Center

October 1, 2024

中观系列讲座(八):《结语:清净圆满》

中观系列讲座(八):《结语:清净圆满》

— 日月遍照 学子笔记

— 2017年4月9日

 

PPT下载

 

顶礼上师三宝!

各位师兄晚上好!今天讲座的题目是“结语:清净圆满”。这是中观系列讲座的最后一节课,我们把之前的知识点做一个归纳,具体分五个章节阐述:清净观的原理;中观的应用;智悲双运的重要性;信心的重要性以及其它注意事项。

一、清净观的原理 

在上一次讲座中,我们简单地探讨了如来藏的相关法义,以如来藏的常识作为基础,进一步探讨了密宗的清净观。

关于“清净观”,学习前行的道友都应该清楚,在《前行引导文》的“闻法 方式”这一科判里, 提到了清净观的内涵(比如,把听法的场所观想为清净剂土, 把同修道友观想为空行勇士等,有很多殊胜的观想方法),事实上,不管是修各种本尊法门,还是修上师瑜伽,都需要有这种甚深的正见。

今天从原理上和大家做一个简单的分享。

1、清净观的前提 

要证成清净观的合理性,我们首先要确定几个前提。

(1)万法的基础是如来藏 

如果没有如来藏,万法就不可能显现。我们现在看到的山河大地、房屋、瓶子、杯子等这些显现,本质都是如来藏的化现;反之,若是没有如来藏,我们根本看不到任何的显现。好比没有电视机,就不可能通过电视机的屏幕,看到各种节目一样。因此,万法的基础是如来藏,这是第一个前提。

上节课我们讲到世俗谛中“假必依实”,一定要有一个现基存在。所谓的“现基”就是显现的基础。杯子、柱子、房屋等是显现,那么显现的基础是什么?它可以从两个层面来建立,如下【图1】所示。

图1

从暂时层面来讲。

轮回的显现是暂时的,是阿赖耶识的一个作用。阿赖耶识是轮回中各种显现的基础,它的本质也是空性的、如梦如幻的。

从究竟的层面来讲。

阿赖耶识的本性就是如来藏。所以,轮回显现的究竟本质、基础,其实就是如来藏,它是究竟的现基。

如来藏本身是远离戏论的,通过修行转识成智,将庸俗的心识转为佛的智慧, 完全现前如来藏之后获得佛果,是这样一个过程。

(2)如来藏的特性是大空性与大清净 

既然如来藏是一切万法显现的基础,那么,这个基础具有怎样的特性?如来藏的特征不外乎两点: 

一个是大空性,远离一切戏论。

一个是大清净,没有任何垢染与不清净的成份。

这是论证“清净观”的第二个前提。

(3)凡夫感知到的世界是经过过滤的 

一个凡夫修行人,乃至一位十地菩萨,只要还有无明,他对如来藏的感知就不是完全充分的,可能是经过过滤的,被无明过滤之后,体验到的如来藏就会发生某种扭曲和变形。我们感知到的世界是经过我们凡夫的心过滤的,这是要证成“清净观”的第三个前提。

讲完这三个前提之后,我们来看“清净观”的原理,看这三个前提彰显了哪些甚深的道理。

2、清净观的原理

(1)不清净的事物是本来不存在的 

通过以上三个前提,我们可以得出第一个结论:不清净的事物本来是不存在的。 

不清净的事物,如土木瓦砾、粪便,一般的杯子、柱子,这些不清净的显现究竟从何而来? 

其实,在实相中没有这些杯子、柱子,只有如来藏、大空性。杯子、柱子、山河大地在实相中本来就是不存在的,本来没有这些。比方说,一个人在做梦, 梦到了山河大地,梦到的这一切可以说本来是不存在的,当他醒来的时候,一切都不存在。本来没有不清净的事物,这都是无明的显现。

(2)不清净的显现是无明扭曲的结果 

接下来我们会追问,既然没有这些不清净的事物,这些显现法究竟从何而来? 为什么我会看到它,听到它?这是什么原因?

原因是,不清净的显现是无明扭曲的结果,因为你有无明,所以才体验到这些不清净的显现。本来是一个大清净如来藏,你的无明把它障蔽、扭曲了,最后体验到的是一个变形扭曲的结果,所以才会看到轮回当中的种种显现。

《维摩诘所说经》云: 

若菩萨欲得净土,当净其心;随其心净,则佛土净。

菩萨要成就清净剂土,获得净土的境界,本质上不是在心之外追求一个净土, 而是在自己心的修持上下功夫,当心得到净化的时候,则佛土净。这是净土显现的根本原理。

比方说,一个人堕入地狱,地狱中各种刀山、铁水、火海等不清净的显现, 是这个众生业力成熟,由心所现的。当他在地狱中感受种种痛苦,消尽了恶业, 脱离了地狱,转生人间、天界之后,又看到种种相对比较清净的显现,看到非常悅意的公园、山河等也是他心的显现,是善业的显现。

虽然外在似乎有一个客观环境存在,但是在本质上这些都没有超越心的范畴,都是由心的清净或者不清净所化现出来的。下面通过(表1)介绍一下显现的三个层次。

表1

 

表格左边一栏是修行境界,分了三类:第一类是八地菩萨以下,包括一地到七地菩萨出定位的状态,小乘的阿罗汉,凡夫修行人以及六道众生;第二类是八地、九地以及十地菩萨,称为三清净地菩萨;第三类是佛,最究竟的果位。 

表格最右边这是实相(实相就是从未改变的意思),都是唯一的如来藏大清净。基于这个前提,三类行者的境界不同,所感知到的境界也不同。

第一类八地菩萨以下的行者,感知到的是有形有相的平凡显现。

比方说我们现在看到的杯子、柱子、电脑、手机、自行车等,都是有形有相的平凡显现。这是离实相比较远的一种境界。

第二类修行人,见到的是有形有相的清净利士,以及佛菩萨的形象。

比方说八地菩萨可以现量见到清净利土、佛菩萨形象,他见不到这些不清净的平凡显现。

最后,佛的境界中,连有形有相的佛菩萨显现都超越了,他体验到的完全是一个不可思议的如来藏大清净的显现。

所以,三类行者的境界不同,就出现三种情况。这三种情况中,佛的境界是最高的,因为他与实相完全相等。八地以上的菩萨境界比凡夫高,因为有形有相的清净利土、佛菩萨的形象比较接近实相,比凡夫的显现要更加超胜。

所以观修一些本尊的法门的时候,把现在所处的地方想为清净利士,把自己观想为佛等,这是有根据的。通过这种观想,能够让我们相应于八地以上菩萨的境界,能与实相更加相应,这是有一定理论基础的。

下面再来看一下(图2),三个不同境界的人分别去看白海螺。

图2

第一类人带着一个黑色的眼镜,看到的是一个黑色的海螺;第二类人带着一个咖啡色的眼镜,看到的是一个咖啡色的海螺;第三类人摘下了眼镜,看到的是一个纯白色的海螺。这三类人分别比喻三种修行境界。

第一类带黑色的眼镜,比喻八地菩萨以下的境界。因为心还没有达到足够清净的状态,所以看到的是一个平凡的显现,这是黑色海螺的比喻。

第二类带咖啡色的眼镜,比喻三清净地的菩萨。他的心已经得到部分净化,已经达到较高的层次。在这个状态下,他看到的海螺就不那么黑, 虽然还不是纯白,但色彩还是浅一些,比较接近白色。

第三类人就代表佛陀,摘下了无明的眼镜,他的境界完全是实相如来藏的境界。

通过以上的比喻,我们进一步解讲读“众生本来是佛,众生与佛无二无别”, 这句话有两种解释方式,如(表2)所示。

表2

二转法轮的解释方式。

在二转法轮的现相中,可以说众生不是佛。众生有贪嗔痴,佛有戒定慧;众生有烦恼,佛没有烦恼。因此,众生!=佛。这是在现相中的一个前提:众生不是佛,除非你通过修行成佛。

在二转法轮的实相中是大空性。众生是大空性的,佛也是大空性的,可以说众生和佛是一样的,因为都是大空性,“众生”和“佛”这两个概念都不成立。在这个状态下,没有任何概念可以突显出来,任何概念到了其中都是离戏论,都已超越。“众生”这个概念和“佛”这个概念是完全平等的,因为完全都不存在, 都不成立。因此,在实相中,众生=大空性=佛,众生就是佛,因为都是大空性。

这是用二转法论的实相角度来解释“众生本来是佛”。

“众生与佛无二无别”,这种理解方式就是三转法轮的思路。

三转法轮的解释方式。

在三转法轮的现相中,也可以说众生!=佛。凡夫的佛性如来藏是隐藏状态的;佛陀的佛性如来藏是已经显露出来的,他们的状态不一样,所以凡夫不等于佛,这是现相界。

实相当中,众生圆满具足如来藏,客尘不存在;佛也圆满具足如来藏,客尘也不存在。因此,众生=如来藏=佛,众生和佛与如来藏无二无别,可以说众生就是佛。在这个状态下,可以证成众生与佛是平等的,如来藏从未改变,本体从未生灭。这是从三转法轮来理解“众生本来是佛”。

不管是哪一种解释方式,证成众生就是佛,是一个非常重要的见解,很多法门的修持都需要用到。例如修密法的时候,仪轨中首先要观想方法是空性,认知到这一点后,观想自己刹那间变成某位佛菩萨,观想种子字等。为什么要这样观想?如果你本来不是佛,这样观想可能意义不是很大,但因为你本来是佛,所以这样观想,能够和本来面目相应,能够回归到本来的状态,由于与实相相应的缘故,这样修下去就非常容易成就。

因此很多密法的修持,是需要这种甚深见解做基础的。如果在观修时,不认为自己是佛,不了解自己有如来藏,不认为在实相中自己与佛无二无别,完全不认可这一点,同时又强制性地勉强带着很多困惑去观想自己是佛,心怀忘忘, 觉得自己这样观想是不是对佛不恭敬等,这样的状态下想要成就是比较困难的。

反之,如果我们了解了这个正见,就可以非常坦荡地、爽快地去观想自己是佛。因为事实上我们本来就是佛,佛性从未增减,本来具足。

以上讲的是清净观的原理,下面谈谈清净观的意义。

3、清净观的意义

有人问:为什么要做清净观,有何必要?

(1)对治烦恼

清净观能对治烦恼。我们的很多烦恼,如贪心、嗔心、嫉妒、邪见等,都可以通过清净观对治。

一方面,当我们把自己跟其他众生都观想佛菩萨的时候,我们对众生会有恭敬心,也不会轻意生嗔恨心、谩骂侮辱对方等,乃至贪欲心、不清净的烦恼都可以被净化。

另一方面,这样观想有助于我们与佛菩萨相应。在观想自他都是佛菩萨的时候,是缘佛菩萨作意,所以容易与佛菩萨相应而获得加持,获得加持后心就会得

到调伏与净化。

因此清净观有很多必要,而且这种修法相应于实相。实相中没有烦恼,我们与实相越加相应,心就越加清净。这是第一个意义,对治烦恼。

(2)相应实相、加速成就

第二个意义是加速成就。因为相应实相的缘故,我们的心和真相处在同一个频率上,频道对接得非常匹配,这样修持下去就会很快成就。通过这种了义的见解去指导修行,修行会事半功倍。

修行时有没有正见,效果也是差别很大。例如,同样念一句佛号、咒语,以菩提心、空性见、如来藏的见解摄持去念诵,跟以怀疑心、无记心、不清净的心去念诵,功德肯定是不一样的。相应于实相,能够获得成就。

(3)增上信心、悲心

增上信心

一方面是对上师三宝增上信心;另一方面是对自己增上自信心。了解自己本来具有佛性,本来具足佛的功德,就不会怯懦。

增上悲心

我们了解到众生本来具有佛性,但是因为无明愚痴,在轮回里漂泊,从而增长慈悲之心。有一个发心偈颂:

我与一切有情众,本来即是正觉尊,

了知如是之自性,即发殊胜菩提心。

意思是,了解到自己跟一切众生本来就是佛,我们就可以发起殊胜的菩提心。

《圆觉经》中提到:

众幻灭无处,成道亦无得,本性圆满故。菩萨于此中,能发菩提心。

意思是,了解到这种虚幻的显现,本来无实有,佛性本自圆满,有这样的见解,菩萨就能发起殊胜的菩提心。

总结:修密法需要空性见、清净观。

今天在这里学习的师兄很多是预科系加行班的学员,将来很有可能进入正科系的密法班,在密法中很多修法,是需要空性见和清净观的。

这次中观讲座有两个重点:一个是自空中观的空性正见,缘起性空的见解; 另一个是他空中观的如来藏的清净观。

假如别人问你学完中观讲座能想起来哪些关键词,你就可以说:“一个是空性,一个是清净;一个是自空,一个是他空”。把握这两个核心要素,就可以把握整个大乘佛法的精华。这是我们讲到的清净见的意义。

除了建立清净正见之外,我们仍要警惕两种极端。

(4) 警惕两种极端

对于“众生本来是佛,我本具足佛性”的殊胜见解,有哪些极端的、错误的理解呢?

a)妄自菲薄

首先我们不能妄自菲薄。有的修行人不敢相信自己本来具有佛性,始终心怀怯懦不敢承当,因为心过于懦的缘故,修道也很难精进,所以这是一个很大的障碍。

众生本来具有佛性,这是佛陀亲口宣说的,我们没有必要去怀疑。把自己观想为佛,不是对佛的不恭敬,而是一种非常清净的佛慢,相应于实相。

如果我们真正觉悟,会发现我们与佛无二无别,这其实是佛教非常了不起的地方。其他很多宗教,皈依很多的神灵,但几乎很少听到皈依这个神灵之后,你可以变成这个神,几乎没有这样讲的,你永远会受到神的支配。但是在佛教当中, 佛陀让你修行,让你学佛,他的目的不是让你永远拜在他的脚下,成为他的子民, 他永远高高在上,你永远不能成为他,不是这样的。佛陀讲法目的是为了让每个众生究竟成佛,这是大乘佛教的一个核心内涵,所以我们不能够妄自菲薄。

有的时候这种所谓的妄自菲薄,看似是一种谦虚、谦卑的状态,但其实有可能是一种傲慢。为什么这个众生不愿意相信万法本来清净,不愿意相信自己本来具有佛性?因为他对自己有限的根识和感观过于执著,乃至于根深蒂固地相信这些平凡显现,而不相信不可思议的清净显现;他不相信除了这颗平凡的、庸俗的心识之外,还可以有不可思议的无分别念,无分别智慧,不认为有超越的境界, 对自己平凡的五根识过于相信,这本身是一种傲慢。

所以我们必须了解,我们的感观是有限的。从中观讲座的第一节课开始,我们始终在强调,中观的作用是推翻我们固有的平庸的执著,我们认为这个东西是真实的,是颠扑不破的,但通过中观推理了解到,其实没有任何东西是真实的, 我们的眼、耳、鼻、舌、身、意也不是真实的。

举一个简单的例子:人类虽然能听到声音,但人类耳根感知不到的一些声波, 某些动物如蝙蝠、老鼠等却可以听到,人类的耳根接受的声音频段是有限的,人听不到的某些声波,用仪器就能测量到。因此,对人类来说一片寂静的房间里,你认为这个房间里没有声音,对另一个动物来说却是非常吵闹,声音很大。

同样,我们的眼睛能够感知到的光波也是有限的,比如红外线、紫外线,人眼就看不到,必须通过仪器去观测了解,而某些动物,它却能直接看到红外线, 它所看到的世界跟我们看到的世界完全不一样。

所以不能认为:“我没有看到的东西就是不存在的,我现在体验到的东西就是一切”,这其实有点固步自封,有点自我膨胀的嫌疑。其实我们眼耳鼻舌身, 乃至我们的意,都是非常有限的。

佛菩萨通过修行开发出非常超越的能力,能够通达这些事物,这些显现的范畴远远超过我们平凡人。有个教证云:“眼耳鼻非量,舌身意亦非,若诸根是量, 圣道复益谁?”意思是说,我们眼耳鼻舌身意这六根识,其实不是究竟的正量。如果六根识是究竟的正量的话,为什么还要修行?我们不就能够通过平凡的感官去通达真理和实相了吗?而实事上并不是这样的。实相完全超越庸俗的感官,这是我们讲到的一个非常重要的意义。

(b)避免散乱放逸

第二个极端,散乱放逸。有些人觉得,我本来就是佛,与佛无二无别,本来具足佛的功德,那干脆不用修行了,我已经成佛了。如果在这个状态下去杀人放火,散乱放逸,是非常危险的。

我们反复强调了实相和现相,实相当中你是佛,但在现相当中,你有烦恼, 佛没有烦恼,我们还不是佛。如果把二谛混淆在一起说:“因为万法皆空,万法本来清净,所以可以不用修行”,那我们可以说:“佛是不用吃饭的,你可以不用吃饭”,实相当中本来没有饭,吃饭这个概念在大空性中也不成立,那么你能不能不吃饭呢?如果你说:“我必须要吃饭”,就说明你不能超越这种束缚,证明了你还有障碍,只要障碍就需要修行,除非你是一位圣者的特殊示现。

因此,我们了解了二谛之后,需要量力而行,不能够混淆二,让自己处于自欺欺人的状态。这是第二个极端,散乱放逸是我们需要警惕的。

Continue reading “中观系列讲座(八):《结语:清净圆满》”

中观系列讲座(七)实相:如来藏

中观系列讲座(七)实相:如来藏

— 日月遍照学子笔记

— 2017年3月19日

 

PPT下载

 

顶礼上师三宝!

不生亦不灭,不常亦不断,

不一亦不异,不来亦不去。

能说是因缘,善灭诸戏论,

我稽首礼佛,诸说中第一。

本次讲座的内容是:实相如来藏。如来藏是大乘佛教很重要话题。从某种意义上说,也是中观所包括的范畴。

 

基础概念:自空中观、他空中观

 

在介绍如来藏之前,先来了解“自空中观”与“他空中观”的概念。也许有些师兄会困惑,中观讲的是般若空性等,但如来藏属于第三转法轮,为什么在中观的讲座里谈如来藏?其实“中观”这个词语有广泛的含义,它即包含自空中观,也包含他空中观。而如来藏法门就是属于他空中观,是广义的中观范畴所包含的法义。

1、自空:否定某个概念自身的真实性。

例如在《中论》里,通过大缘起因、离一多因,抉择杯子是不存在的、不成立的、它是没有的,通过破除的方式来否定“杯子”这个概念的真实性。这是自空中观的一个常见的方式。

2、他空:承认某个概念自身的成立,同时否定在这个概念之上其他某个概念的成立。

举个例子,比如杯子和水的关系,如果说“这个杯子里没有水”,那么某种意义上可以说是“他空”。因为这句话包含两层含义:第一,承认有这个杯子(也就是承认某个概念自身的成立);第二,否定杯子里有水(否定了“水在杯子里”这个概念)。

一是肯定,二是否定,两者叠加在一起,形成了“他空”的概念。

如来藏,其实就是属于他空。他并不只说破除,还有很多正面建立的相关的内涵,下面详细地去了解。

 

一、什么是“如来藏”

“如来藏”是一个不太容易解释清楚的概念,它有一些异名,包括:实相、佛性、真如、法界、法身、圆觉、胜义谛、大空性、大涅槃等,很多与实相相关的术语,都可以是如来藏的同义词,因为它们意义相同,只是从不同的角度来表达。

下面分别解释“如来藏”这三个字的含义。

1、“如来”

“如来”是佛陀的名号(佛有十种名号:应供、正遍知、善逝、世间解等),“如来”有一种相合实相的意思。

2、“藏”

“藏”(zàng),有宝藏、胚胎的意思,侧重表达了它蕴含着很多殊胜的功德(例如:金矿中有很多金子)。宝藏,形容这个事物很殊胜;胚胎形容一种潜伏、潜在的状态,比如一个众生没有出生,还在怀胎阶段,我们说他是一个胚胎的阶段,相当于说这个众生没有明显的出现在世人面前,如来藏也有这层意思。

3、“如来藏”

“如来藏”这三个字放在一起,可以解释为佛陀功德的宝藏,当中蕴含了智、悲、力等功德。

也可以解释为,胚胎当中的佛陀、潜伏或隐藏状态的佛陀。胚胎中的佛陀就是形容众生是未来的佛,现在还没有成佛。因此,众生具有如来藏,是说众生是佛的胚胎,是潜伏、隐藏状态的佛陀。

虽然可以说“佛陀有如来藏”,但更多时候,主要是在众生位的时候,说他有如来藏;成佛之后一般会说佛陀有法身,因为这个时候如来藏已经完全显露,一般会用“法身”、“佛果”等词来称呼。

4、“客尘”

“客尘”是与“如来藏”相关的词语,意思是:像旅客一样暂时留存的尘埃。

“客”指的是旅客,“尘”是尘埃。

“旅客”的意思是:暂时的、不恒常究竟的、不永久性的。好比我们到别人家做客,肯定是要离开的,不可能长期留在这个地方;包括去住旅店,一段时间后就去往别处。所以这是一种比喻。

“尘埃”形容一些不干净的东西。我们说“时时勤拂拭,勿使惹尘埃”,尘埃比喻心相续中的烦恼客尘。烦恼客尘像尘埃一样起到遮蔽如来藏的作用,就像灯泡上面沾染了很多尘埃,光线会受到遮障一样。所以“客尘”是形容众生心中的无明烦恼。

 

二、如来藏的特点及属性

1、一切众生都具有如来藏

学习如来藏法门,很重要的一点,是要了知包括自己在内的众生都具有如来藏。

《大乘经庄严论》提到:

真如于一切,无别然清净。

即是如来故,众生具彼藏。

意思是,法性、佛性、如来藏遍于一切事物,没有分别,是清净的自性。这就是佛陀的本体,一切众生都具有这样的功德宝藏。

通过这个教证可以了知,不存在某些众生具备如来藏,某些众生不具备的情况。当然不同宗派有不同的观点,有一些宗派认为有些众生不具备如来藏,怎么修行也不会成佛。但是按照自宗了义的观点,我们承许一切众生都具有如来藏,皆能成佛。这是一个非常重要的前提。后面会反复引用这一观点。

2、如来藏没有两个

既然一切众生都有如来藏,那么如来藏是不是像众生的数量一样,有多少个众生就有多少个如来藏呢?

并不是这样的,如来藏没有两个,就是一个,或者说是不二,也可以说所有众生共同拥有一个如来藏。

《究竟一乘宝性论》提到:

一切众生界,不离诸佛智,

以彼净无垢,性体不二故。

这里讲到“不二”,一切众生在本性当中是不二的,众生与诸佛在实相中也是无二无别的,因为如来藏没有两个,众生没有离开实相本性。如来藏没有两个,也表达了实相没有两个。我们经常说“一真法界”,也就是说实相是唯一的,没有两个真相,究竟的真理,究竟的实相是唯一的。如来藏就是究竟的真相。

3、客尘存在的时候,离开客尘之外找不到如来藏

客尘存在的时候,要去哪里找如来藏呢?你只要去客尘里寻找,可以说你认识本性之后,客尘就是如来藏;如果你完全抛除客尘,是找不到如来藏的。汉传有一个词叫“全真在妄”,就是说所有的真实都存在于虚妄当中,离开虚妄没有真实。这里有一个实相与现相的差异而已,后面再做解释。4、从来不曾被客尘污染过,客尘可以被消除

我们经常说如来藏被客尘遮蔽,所以众生在轮回中飘泊流转等等。那么在轮回流转的过程中,有一个很重要的特点,就是如来藏虽然被客尘遮蔽,但是它的自性、本性从来没有被污染过,恒时保持清净的本性。

《究竟一乘宝性论》当中提到的:

如虚空遍至,体细尘不染。

佛性遍众生,诸烦恼不染。

佛性是从来不可能被烦恼染污的。

《央掘魔罗经》(《指鬘经》)提到:

[一切诸佛极方便求如来之藏垢不可得。无垢性是佛性。于一切众生所无量相好清净庄严。如油杂水不可得,如是无量烦恼覆如来性。佛性杂烦恼者无有是处。]

譬如把水洒在在油里,虽然油在水中,但两者是截然不同的属性,无论如何混合、压榨,油和水仍然是分开的,水是水,油是油,最终油会漂浮在水上面,不会杂染水的本性。

同样,如来藏和客尘也是不同的本性,客尘虽然有遮蔽的作用,但是它不会污染如来藏的本性,如来藏本身恒时清净,那怕一个罪大恶极的众生烦恼深重,有诸多罪业而堕入无间地狱,他的如来藏仍然是百分之百的清净,没有任何垢染。这是一个重要的属性。

5、常恒不变,圆满具足佛陀的一切功德

圆满具足佛陀的一切功德,又叫“常乐我净”。《究竟一乘宝性论》有一个教证:“无垢功德具”,恒时具有各种功德。

《不增不减经》中也提到:

[如来藏者即是法身。舍利弗。如我所说法身义者。过于恒沙不离不脱不断不异。不思议佛法如来功德智慧。]

这里提到如来藏本具有不可思议的佛陀的功德,而且本身也是常乐我净,这是如来藏的一个特点。关于常乐我净的相关属性,本节课的后半部分会作相关的联系。

6、本来具足,不是重新产生的

世间很多事物都有一个从无到有的新生过程。比方说一个人开始没有钱,通过白手起家赚钱达到富翁的状态,这是一种重新产生的过程。而如来藏不是重新产生的,不是因缘和合的事物,它不是有为法。

有为法是通过因缘和合所产生出来的某种事物。比方说杯子的产生,首先要

有原材料,工人加工原材料后造出杯子,我们去购买它,这个杯子才能够被我们使用,这是一个从无到有的新生的过程,是因缘和合的结果。

而如来藏不是因缘和合的,它从本初到现在,从来就没有不存在。

净心如虚空,无因复无缘,

及无和合义,亦无生住灭,

如虚空净心,常明无转变。

——《究竟一乘宝性论》

这个教证强调的是“常明无转变”。如来藏没有任何变化,它不是因缘和合,没有生、没有住、没有灭,不是重新产生的,这是无为法的特性,这点非常重要。并非众生本没有如来藏,通过辛勤努力就会获得;而是众生本来就具有如来藏,不需要重新寻找,不需要重新得到。这是一个重要的知识点。

7、大空性,超越一切戏论

我们会用“不空”、“恒时有”等特殊的表达方式描述如来藏,但三转法轮的“空”与“不空”的含义,与二转法轮有所不同,后面会提及。不管你怎样去描述如来藏,它最核心的特点之一就是“大空性”。

如来藏基于大空性的前提而建立,它超越一切戏论和概念。

【佛体无前际。及无中间际。亦复无后际故。又复远离一切戏论虚妄分别。寂静体故。名为自然。】

——《究竟一乘宝性论》

意思是,如来藏本身远离一切戏论分别,有无是非的概念不能够遮障它,也不能够通过这种方式真正去描述它,它是超越一切概念的、离戏论的,所以它是大空性的异名。大空性侧重于空性的一分,如来藏侧重于大光明显现的一分,这是它不同的侧重点。

8、如来藏不是凡夫的境界

凡夫有如来藏,但是凡夫能不能体验如来藏呢?最多只能相似地体验,想要完全彻底地体验如来藏,唯有佛陀才能做到。

【唯佛世尊,实眼实智,为法根本,为通达法,为正法依,如实知见。】

——《胜鬘师子吼一乘大方便方广经》

意思是唯佛世尊,才能如实地、彻底地、究竟地照见如来藏。

【如来藏者,是如来境界,非一切声闻、缘觉所知。如来藏处,说圣谛义。如来藏处甚深故,说圣谛亦甚深,微细难知,非思量境界;是智者所知,一切世间所不能信。】

——《胜鬘师子吼一乘大方便方广经》

这里明确宣讲,唯有圆满的正等觉如来,才能够彻底通达、照见、体悟如来藏的本性。如来藏者,不是普通阿罗汉的境界。

菩萨也只能相似少分地体悟。一些经论中提到:乃至十地菩萨,见如来藏大光明就好像在黄昏看物体,光线不足的时候,看东西不是很清楚。因此十地菩萨见如来藏,就像在黄昏看这些事物一样,不是非常清楚,唯有佛陀才能彻底认知、照见如来藏。

Continue reading “中观系列讲座(七)实相:如来藏”

中观系列讲座(六)进阶:视角切换

中观系列讲座(六)进阶:视角切换

— 日月遍照 学子笔记

— 2017年2月11日

 

PPT下载

 

顶礼上师三宝!

不生亦不灭,不常亦不断,

不一亦不异,不来亦不去。

能说是因缘,善灭诸戏论,

我稽首礼佛,诸说中第一。

 

师兄们新年快乐,今天在元宵节一起学习中观课程。非常感恩大家去年 8月份到现在,一直跟随共同学习。今天这个节日许多师兄放弃了陪伴家人等等娱乐活动,来参加我们的学习,说明大家对正法非常有缘分。之前我们已经宣讲了二无我的基本含义,包括中观的五大推理,这些已经宣讲完毕。今天我们要进入到一个新的环节:介绍中观自续派和中观应成派的相关法义,这也是非常重要的知识点。

这节课的内容是“进阶——视角切换”,主要通过分析应成派与自续派相关的不同观点向大家介绍“视角切换”这种思维工具。

 

一、 三支比量与三相推理

在正式宣讲应成派与自续派相关法义区别之前,我们先来看:三支比量与三相推理。有的人可能会对这个内容比较困惑,这应该是因明的一种知识,为什么要放到我们中观的场合来讲?

因为今天要涉及到中观自续派的不共见解,如果我们在座的许多师兄之前缺乏因明这方面的知识,那么要明白今天所讲的道理,相对会有一些困难。所以我们在正式介绍中观自续派的观点之前,先来谈一下中观相关的推理。

 

1、 背景:《因明学》

因明,五明之一,是一种探索真理的重要工具。这种工具不仅仅是在佛教当中,在古印度许多外道团体也认同这种思维方式,可以成为学习法义、互相切磋、辩论的一种有效工具。这是一种非常通用的工具。

 

2、 词语解释

(1) 三支比量

三,数字;

支,支分;

三支,论证过程的三个部分。论证一个观点需要哪些环节,通过怎样的步骤去证成我要论证的观点,这些环节可以分为三个支分。具体指宗(观点)、因(理由)、喻(实例)。

宗,指所要证成的观点;

因,是理由的意思,因为怎么样,所以这个观点成立;

喻,是在宣讲观点和理由之外,尽量能够举出一个比喻、一个例子,这个例子同时具足观点的属性,也具足理由的属性。

立宗,有法(基础对象)+所立(谓语等);

有法,指基础对象;

所立,是指谓语所要表达的含义,也就是说,对讨论的对象施加了某种价值判断、某种属性方面的判断等,表达出我们要传达的知识。

这就是立宗。

 

因,因为什么之故,就是理由。

喻,如同什么。

举例

周立波先生是人类,因为他是男人,如奥巴马。

首先,周立波先生是推理当中的基础对象,是有法,我们就这个对象进行讨论。

所立,是我们要证成的观点:他是人类。

因,是理由:因为他是一个男人。

比喻,是如奥巴马。

因为我们都认可奥巴马是一个男人,同时也是人类。

通过这样的推理,就可以证成:周立波先生确实是人类,他是人类这一点无可置疑。

这是三支:宗(观点)、因(理由)、喻(实例),大家要记清楚。

 

(2) 三相

三相,正确推理所应具备的三个条件。我们摆出了自己的观点、理由、比喻之后,我如何去判断这个推理、这个论式他是否可以成立?需要以下三个条件来做判断:

遍是宗法性,简称:宗法,这是因明论典当中的一个标准称呼。

同品遍有性,简称:同品遍。

异品遍无性,简称:异品遍。

三相,指的就是三种观察方法,或者三个条件。一个推理,他具足三个条件,那么他就是一个在逻辑上能够自洽的、能够成立的一个推理。

宗法,在有法(基础对象)之上,因(理由)的属性存在,或者成立。也就是说在这个讨论的基础对象上面,论证的理由确实存在。

 

3、 解释三相

举例:

这一杯水很烫,因为温度超过了 70 度,如那一杯刚烧开的水。

假设我们面前有一杯水,我们用温度计去衡量发现它的温度确实超过 70 度,那么我们就可以分析宗法这个条件,

这杯水,是基础对象,

温度超过 70 度,是理由,

通过温计测量,这杯水确实超过了 70 度,那就证明超过 70 度的这个属性,

在这杯水的这个对象上是存在的,我们就可以说宗法具足。

假设说是一杯凉水,我们放一个温度计量出就只有 20 度,那么他没有超过70 度,我们就可以说超过 70 度这个属性、这个特征在这个对象这杯水的上面并不成立,所以说宗法不具足。

所以宗法是分析这个推理是否成立的第一个条件。

同品遍,因(理由)如果成立,所立必定成立。也就是说这个理由成立,那么我们这个观点必然会成立,理由和观点之间具有某种必然联系。

举例:

这杯水很烫,因为温度超过了 70 度,如那一杯刚烧开的水。

我们来看,这个理由是温度超过了 70 度,这个观点是很烫。分析这两点之间有没有必然关联。我们可以假设:凡是温度超过 70 度都很烫,这个是可以成立的。因为作为人类,不管是水也好,空气也好,还是其他物质,只要它的温度超过 70 度,我们用身体表皮去接触的时候会感觉到很烫,甚至会被烫伤,所以这是成立的。我们就可以说同品周遍。周遍就是普遍的意思,他遍满于这些

属性当中,没有例外。这是同品遍。

异品遍:所立如果不成立,因(理由)必定不成立。与同品遍刚好相反,观察方式是反转。

举例:

这杯水很烫,因为温度超过了 70 度,如那一杯刚烧开的水。

我们这个所立是很烫,如果这个观点不成立的话,凡是非“很烫”的,我们前面加一个“非”或者“不是很烫”。再观察在这个前提之下,温度超过了70 度它是否也能够同时不成立?我们可以这样说,凡是并不烫、非“很烫”的东西,它的温度都没有超过 70 度。比如说 20 度的一杯水,30 度的一杯水,这些水都不算很烫,那么它的温度都没有超过 70 度。所以我们就可以说异品周遍,反过来观察也成立。

 

4、 要点

(1) 三相同时具足,推理方能成立,缺一不可

通过三种观察我们可以得出结论,如果三相同时具足,那么这个推理他就可以成立。三相有一种不成立,那么这个推理就不能成立。

成立的推理称为“真因”,不成立的推理称为“相似因”。因明学的术语,凡是可以成立的推理都叫真因,真正的因,因就是推理的意思,真正的因就是真正的推理。不成立的推理称为相似的因,相似的意思就是说看上去好像是真的,其实不是真的,它是一个假货,也可以讲是一个错误的推理。

(2) 第二相同品遍和第三相异品遍中一者成立,另一者必定成立

或者说只要同品周遍,那么异品必定周遍,反过来也是一样。就像我们在一些集合理论当中谈到的,某命题全等于其自身的逆否命题。在逻辑上基本是一样的。(有个别基于特殊条件限制的特例)

问:我们为什么不安立两相,而安立三相呢?

因为它能够降低我们的误判率。因为有时候如果比较粗心,在分析某一项的时候可能会漏掉一些细节,但是如果我们反过来再观察一遍可能会有个查漏补缺的过程,这样能够让我们更加谨慎。所以这样安立的必要,是为了让我们减少犯错的机率。

 

5、 相似因(错误逻辑推理)的分类

在因明当中相似因分为三种:不成、不定、相违。

不成:宗法(第一相)不具足。

在有法(基础对象)之上,因(推理的理由)不成立。

不成,是一个专属术语,专指第一相不具足。并不是说我望文生疑,这个推理它不成立,他是错的,他就一定叫不成,不能这样轻率下结论。因为一个推理不成立有三种情况。不成,仅仅特指宗法不具足。这个概念我们要搞清楚,也就是说在这个基础对象之上,推理的理由它不成立。

举例:

姚明的身材很高,因为他身高十米如三层楼。

这个推理的对象:是姚明这个人,

要证成的观点:是身材很高,

理由:是他身高十米,

比喻:三层楼。

宗法,就是观察这个理由在对象上是否成立,我们看姚明和身高十米这两个概念是否可以并存。通过观察,以事实来分析会发现,姚明身高不是十米,而是 2 米 26,他并不具足身高十米这个特征,

所以宗法不具足。这个推理是一个错误的推理,不能成立。

通过这个例子,我们能比较容易了解宗法到底讲什么。

另一方面也证明,你的观点是否客观上成立,与你的推理是否成立,这二者其实并不具有必然关系。姚明身材很高,这句话客观上可以说是成立的,但是你想用他身高十米作为一个理由来证成他的身材很高,这种推理就是一个错误的推理。

因此我们要分清楚,三相观察的是,这个推理在逻辑上是否能够成立,而并不涉及这个观点在客观上是否成立。我们仅仅可以证明,你想通过这个推理去证成这个观点是做不到的,是这个意思。

不定:指第二相、第三相不具足,就是同品不周遍或者异品不周遍。

因(理由)如果成立,那么你的所立(观点)不必然成立,有的时候成立,有的时候不成立,成不成立他是不一定的,因为他不一定,他有不固定性,所以我们把它叫做不定,这是不定词语的来源。

举例:

张召忠先生擅长打仗,因为他是一名将军,如巴顿将军。

推理的对象:张召忠先生,

观点:擅长打仗,

理由:因为他是一名将军,他有军衔,所以通过拥有将军军衔,论证他擅长打仗,

先来观察第一相:宗法,张先生的确是一名将军,这个理由与对象是存在这样的联系,他是海军少将,他确实是一名将军。宗法具足。

其次观察第二相,是不是说只要他也是一名将军,他就一定擅长打仗呢?

这个不一定。有的将军擅长打仗,比如巴顿将军,有一些将军可能不擅长打仗,比如说宋祖英将军,她唱歌还可以,但是打仗可能就不好说了,这个不一定是她的专业。所以你想通过他具有一个将军的军衔,论证他擅长打仗,这个推理是不能成立的。这是不定。

当然这个地方并不涉及客观事实上张先生是否擅长打仗,我们仅仅是分析这个推理,通过将军的这个军衔,论证他擅长打仗,在逻辑上是不能成立的。事实上他是否擅长打仗和这里的逻辑推理有不同的角度。

不定因是我们比较容易常见的一种错误,再举例:

一个人说,张三暗恋我,因为他每次遇到我都显得很紧张,眼神也不对劲,比如曾经暗恋我的李四。

这是一个人通过显得很紧张眼神也不对劲这个表象,想论证这个对象暗恋她,这个对象是张三,这个所立是暗恋我。

那么我们就可以观察,是不是说凡是显得很紧张眼神不对劲,就一定是对这个对象产生某种爱慕之情,我们可以找出反例,比如说老鼠,老鼠每次遇到她也显得很紧张、眼神也不对劲,那你能不能说老鼠在暗恋她呢?这个显然不能,所以显得很紧张、眼神不对劲与产生一种暗恋情结,两者之间没有必然的关系,所以说在逻辑上它是不能成立的。这也是一个典型的不定因。

相违:第二相、第三相不具足。

因(理由)如果成立,所立(观点)必然不成立。

当然它有一个特殊关联,你这个推理的理由如果成立,那么恰恰相反的观点必然不成立,他两者具有排他性。这是百分之百肯定不行的,前面的不定是偶尔行,偶尔不行,还有成功的可能性,相违就是百分之百错误的。

举例:

张三是一个好修行人,因为他嗔恨心很大,如嗔恨心很大的李四。

首先,从对象和理由之间来做观察。张三他确实嗔恨心很大,这个宗法是成立的,第一相已经通过了。第二,分析理由和观点之间有没有必然关系?凡是嗔恨心很大的都必然不是好修行人,如嗔恨心很大的李四,同品不周遍。因为这个嗔恨心很大,与好修行人完全是一种相互排斥的关系,如果一个人修行很好,他不可能有很大的嗔恨心。反过来讲,一个人经常生气、经常发火、嗔恨心很强,他就一定不是好修行人,因为嗔恨心本身是一种不好的修行表现,有很严重的过失。所以这个推理就是一个很典型的相违的推理。我们简单论证了因明相关的一些推理逻辑,介绍了一些常识,三支,宗因喻、三相、宗法、同品遍、异品遍,这些常识大家有一定了解之后,我们就可以正式趋入中观自续派与中观应成派法义辨析。

Continue reading “中观系列讲座(六)进阶:视角切换”

中观系列讲座(五)核心:现空二谛

中观系列讲座(五)核心:现空二谛

— 日月遍照 学子笔记

— 2016年12月18日

 

PPT下载

 

顶礼上师三宝!

不生亦不灭,不常亦不断,

不一亦不异,不来亦不去。

能说是因缘,善灭诸戏论,

我稽首礼佛,诸说中第一。

各位师兄晚上好,今天又是我们一个月一次的中观讲座。今天这节课相当于前面四节课的总结,将会涉及整个中观体系的核心,也就是我们常说的“显空二谛”,或者叫“现空二谛”——显现与空性无二无别的一种关系。

今天的内容大概分为:概要、名词解释、衍生的内涵、中观范畴内的二谛、常见误解、注意事项。

 

一、概要

 

二谛是佛法理论体系的核心、中轴。不管哪一个佛教宗派,都有它宗派自身对于二谛的认知。我们今天主要是站在中观的角度,来谈一下二谛的含义。

有两个颂词:

诸佛依二谛,为众生说法。

一以世俗谛,二第一义谛。

——《中论》

佛陀通过二谛来为众生说法,第一个是我们所说的“世俗谛”,第二就是我们所谓的“胜义谛”,或者叫“第一义谛”。通过这二谛,佛陀为众生开显无上甚深的妙法。

若人不能知,分别于二谛,

则于深佛法,不知真实义。

——《中论》

如果有人不能够善加辨别二谛,那么他对甚深的佛法就无法通达其真实含义。这两个颂词都出自龙猛菩萨的《中论》,是两个非常重要的偈颂。

 

二、名词解释

 

关于二谛,我们首先从字面上做一个解释。

二:数词,两个。

谛:真谛、真理、真相、真实。

二谛:两种真理。具体来说,即世俗谛及胜义谛。

世俗:世间、非殊胜、平凡境界、不究竟。

世俗,我们可理解为世间,或者说非殊胜——它不是圣者、成就者的那种境界,它就是平凡人的世界、平凡境界,也可以说是一种不究竟的状态。

胜义:超越世间、殊胜、究竟。胜义讲的是超越世间,它比平凡众生的境界更加殊胜,它是一种究竟的境界。所以,世俗与胜义有着一高一低的区别,可以说胜义谛的境界超胜于世俗谛的境界。

世俗谛:相对层面的真理

“相对层面”是指:它不是一个终极的、究竟的真理,它只是在某一个层面上暂时获得认可的真理。

胜义谛:终极真理,即颠扑不破的真理。你通过任何方式去观察,它都站得住脚,这就可以称为“胜义谛”。

所以,胜义谛与世俗谛的区别是:能否经得起究竟的考验。

 

三、衍生内涵

 

1、物质的宏观层面与微观层面

假设有一个杯子或者一个静止的物体,我们要去讨论这个物体到底是静止的还是运动的,那么要看你是在宏观层面还是微观层面上去探讨。 从宏观的层面来讲,我们眼前的一片树叶,你可以说它是静止的,因为它就在桌上摆着,没有任何运动。但是从微观的层面来说,它的很多原子、电子等都在随时运动着。

所以,你想要得出“它是运动还是静止”的结论,要看你站在哪个层次去讨论。站在宏观的层面上,你可以说它是静止的;但是在微观的层面上,你必须要承认它是运动的。

从某个意义上讲,宏观就是一种世俗谛,它需要不经过详细的观察,我们通过肉眼就可以认知。而微观可以说是一种胜义谛,通过精密的仪器、比我们肉眼更加具有能力的工具去探索,便会得出一种不同的结论。

所以,通过宏观与微观的比喻,我们可以相似地理解世俗谛与胜义谛的含义。

 

2、梦中与梦醒

第二个比喻就是梦中与梦醒。一个人正躺在床上做一个非常恐怖的梦,这是一种境界。当他醒来之后,梦中的境界全部消失了。

我们可以说梦中的境界是世俗谛,它只是一种暂时的经验,梦中的那些东西并不真实存在。当他从梦中醒来的时候,你可以说他到达了胜义谛。在胜义谛的觉醒状态中,梦中的那些恐怖景象统统不成立。

 

3、佩戴墨镜

第三个比喻就是佩戴墨镜的比喻。

我们很多人都配带过墨镜。墨镜有什么作用?它对光线起到一个过滤的作用。我们透过墨镜看到的种种图象,都是偏黑色的。一个白色的奶油冰淇淋,它本来是白色的,但是你透过墨镜来看,它似乎就变成灰色了。也就是说,这个墨镜对你的认知起到一种转变的作用。

透过这个比喻,我们可以说:你透过墨镜看到的灰色冰淇淋就是世俗谛,它不是真实的;你摘下墨镜后看到的白色冰淇淋就是胜义谛,它是真实的。所以,佩戴墨镜这个比喻也可以帮助我们去理解世俗谛与胜义谛。

总结:立场不同、视角不同、考察标准不同、得出的结论也不同。

通过这三个比喻,我们可以得出结论:立场不同,视角不同,考察的标准不同,那么得出的结论也是不一样的。 你要说它到底是灰色还是白色、到底有没有那些恐怖的景象、到底是运动还是静止,其实要看你站在哪个层面上说。站在不同的层面,你得到的结论是不一样的。

Continue reading “中观系列讲座(五)核心:现空二谛”